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This section includes information on how clinicians may improve their clinical reasoning abilities, focusing on Feedback, Diagnostic Reflection, Progressive Problem-solving, and Clinical Case Practice. Below are also links to presentations that provide an overview of how to improve clinical reasoning abilities:

	Without feedback on our diagnostic decisions, improving our clinical reasoning abilities are unlikely to grow to the level that we need to achieve diagnostic excellence. Unfortunately the current model of clinical practice and medical education does not have the systems in place to help provide clinicians with this feedback and it often falls on the individual clinician to seek out diagnostic feedback. This section provides the rationale for obtaining diagnostic feedback as well as specific methods for obtaining it.
	"Diagnostic Reflection" is simply the process of reviewing diagnostic decisions using a structured reflection tool. This can be done in real time or later in the process as a way to improve immediate patient care, improve clinical reasoning abilities, or (ideally) both. The best studied reflection tool in the "Diagnosis Analysis Reflection Tool" (DART) published by Mamede. It has both a reasonably strong evidence base supporting its use and is easy and intuitive to use.
	The technique of progressive problem-solving involves creating problems that do not exist and working to solve these created problems as a means of preparing for the future. It is a method that can be employed in small aliquots in day-to-day practice.
	The most effective way in which to improve clinical reasoning abilities is case-based practice, preferably with coaching. Clinical care, however, entails far more than just diagnostic decision-making and it is difficult to see the number of patients necessary to achieve diagnostic excellence in the time allotted. It is clear from the literature, however, that paper-based and virtual cases can help accelerate the process.

Lectures and presentations that give an overview of improving clinical reasoning abilities:

Clinical Reasoning: Good to Great: Icahn Medicine Grand Rounds, Gurpreet Dhaliwal
Clinical Judgment: Good to Great: University of Washington Grand Rounds, Gurpreet Dhaliwal
Learning and Teaching Clinical Reasoning: University of Rochester Grand Rounds March, 2025. Robert Trowbridge

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